Method and device for continuously casting ingots, slabs or thin slabs

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for continuously casting ingots, slabs or thin slabs in a continuous casting plant. Said plant comprises strand guide segments ( 2.1  to  2 .n) whose distances from one another can be adjusted underneath an ingot mold ( 1 ) and which have roll pairs ( 4, 4 ′) that can be subjected to the action of path-controlled or position-controlled hydraulic cylinders. The thickness of the cast strand ( 5 ) is reduced by conically adjusting its strand guide segments in a soft reduction line extending up to the crater top. The aim of the invention is to improve the adaptation of the continuous casting plant to different operating parameters. To this end, at least one roll pair ( 4, 4 ′) subjects the cast strand ( 5 ) to a size reduction in the area of its liquid core ( 7 ) between the ingot mold ( 1 ) and the soft reduction line (SR line). The invention also relates to a correspondingly designed continuous casting plant.

[0001] The invention relates to a method of continuous casting of blooms [ingots, billets], slabs or thin slabs in a continuous casting plant which has, beneath a mold, roll pairs which are actuated for example by path-controlled or position controlled hydraulic cylinders, in strand guide segments which have their mutual spacing adjustable, whereby the cast strand by a tapered setting of at least one of its strand guide segments is reduced in thickness over a soft-reducing stretch extending to a sump [melt-filled cavity] tip and in the region of its liquid core is subjected by at least one roll pair to a size thickness reduction between the mold and the soft-reduction stretch (SR stretch).

[0002] In continuous casting plants for slabs, to reduce the core porosity and the core segregation, the soft reduction process (SR process), among others, is used.

[0003] In bloom [ingot, billet] plants, the soft reduction is preferably effected in a straight-drive region. The precondition for an improvement of the internal structure quality is that the final solidification of the strand be effected in the soft reduction (SR stretch) which is set to be tapered [conical]. A final solidification upstream or downstream of the SR stretch not only does not give rise to any improvement in the internal quality, but on occasion can result in a detriment to the internal quality.

[0004] The conical [tapered] roll setting of the strand guide segments is effected either by a fixed setting by means of hydraulic cylinders and spacer members or by means of a flexible setting, for example with position-controlled hydraulic cylinders.

[0005] The so-called operating window of the continuous casting plant, for example the matching of the casting speed or another casting parameter, the intensity of the spray cooling or the steel quality is given by the number of SR roll pairs and the type of adjustment. With an increasing roll count, the operating window can be increased. This increase however is not in proportion to the increase in the capital cost. Furthermore the position of the sump type [melt cavity type] can only be influenced to a limited extent by the spray cooling.

[0006] In a known process according to the German Patent Document DE 41 38 740 A1, the strand can pass through a soft reduction stretch at whose entry the strand is not yet fully solidified but at whose end the strand is solidified throughout its thickness and for which, among other things, the casting speed is a significant operating parameter. In the region of final solidification, a thickness reduction is effected, for example for thin slabs, of between 0.5 and 3 mm per meter of the cast length. For this purpose in the soft reduction stretch, the roll pairs of individual segments are brought closer together to follow the shrinkage ratio of the strand so as to provide a compaction of the internal structure [lattice structure] in the region of residual solidification and to bring about an improvement in the strand internal quality.

[0007] European Patent Document EP 0 834 364 A1 describes a method and a device for high speed continuous casting plants with a strand thickness reduction during the solidification, whereby after the so-called cast rolling, the strand cross section is linearly reduced over a minimum length of the strand travel directly below the mold, this being followed by further strand reduction over the remainder of the strand path, the “soft reduction” until immediately upstream of the final solidification or the sump [melt-cavity] tip. Through these technological features of the method, the strand cross section reduction is so carried out that a critical deformation of the strand shell is not exceeded in consideration of the high casting speed and steel quality.

[0008] European Patent Document EP 0 17 77 96 B1 discloses a method of advancing and dressing [straightening] a cast strand in the straightening and outlet region of an arcuate continuous casting plant, whereby oppositely disposed rolls are biased by a spring force against the ferrostatic pressure of the cast strand and are adjustably spaced from one another during the casting process. In this manner a cast strand region of increased solidity is avoided and during the travel of the strand between opposing rolls the respective spring force can be reduced by a lower counter force.

[0009] The slabs or blooms produced in the continuous casting plants corresponding to the aforementioned documents serve as starting materials for rolling milled products for the production of plates or strip.

[0010] The invention has as its object to match or increase the operating window of a continuous casting plant as to its variable casting parameters and by influencing the sump [melt-cavity] tip position to obtain a comparatively uniform and optimal internal [lattice] structure in the cast strand.

[0011] To achieve this object the process of the type described in the preamble of claim 1 is proposed in accordance with the invention such that the number of roll pairs and their more or less narrow adjustment relative to one another in the region of the liquid core of the cast strand is matched to the casting speed to provide a flexible match of the casting process thereto and thereby the size thickness reduction of the cast strand with the liquid core is so adjusted that independently of the steel quality, the intensity of the spray cooling and the casting speed, the position of the sump [melt-cavity tip in the SR stretch is maintained approximately constant.

[0012] As a result, in spite of an increasing casting speed and/or altered spray cooling, for example, the format thickness is so reduced that the position of the sump tip [melt cavity tip] is held practically constant in the SR stretch. Thus within a large casting speed range with reduced mechanical and technological expenditure, a uniformly good internal quality of the cast strand is ensured.

[0013] As a consequence in spite of changing operating parameters during the casting process, a uniformly optimal lattice structure of the casting strand is produced and an unnecessarily increased loading of the rolls and their bearings within the stand guide is avoided. The working out of the process provides that the arrangement and/or setting of the roll pairs for the size thickness reduction in the region of the liquid core of the casting strand is determined by the measurements of the casting cross section or format cross section of the cast strand.

[0014] And finally the method according to the invention provides that the thickness reduction is undertaken directly upstream of the SR stretch.

[0015] As a result, a matching or enlargement of the operating window of the continuous casting plant to various casting parameters is achieved in an economical manner and, especially, the influence of the melt-cavity tip location is largely rendered independent from the casting parameters in the sense that the melt-cavity tip always lies in a segment of the SR stretch which contributes to the improvement of the internal quality of the cast strand as a consequence, over a large casting speed range a uniformly high quality cast strand structure is ensured with a low expenditure with respect to equipment and technology.

[0016] Details, features and advantages of the invention are given in the following explanation of an embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing.

[0017]FIG. 1 shows in a purely diagrammatic illustration a strand guide below a mold with a configuration according to the invention as well as with a soft reduction stretch SR.

[0018] The part of the apparatus involving the strand guide according to FIG. 1 has below the mold a first strand guide segment 2.1 for parallel strand guidance.

[0019] The strand 5, which is only sketched in its illustration below the melt inlet 6 into the mold 1, has an initial crust of the forming strand shell 8.

[0020] According to the invention the strand 5 in the region of its liquid core 7 between the mold 1 and the soft reduction stretch SR is subjected by at least one roll pair 4, 4′ to a size reduction [thickness reduction]. The size [format] reduction by the roll pair 4, 4′ is followed by a strand guide segment 2.2 for the parallel strand guidance of the cast strand 5. The roll pairs 4, 4′ are each actuated by respective path-controlled or position-controlled hydraulic cylinders, not shown in greater detail so that they can overcome the hydrostatic pressure of the melt and thus impart a local size reduction or thickness reduction in strand 5, e.g. 10 mm/m, in the casting direction upstream of the soft reduction stretch SR with a thickness reduction of for example 1 mm/m. In the casting direction below the soft reduction stretch, a further strand guide segment 2.3 for parallel strand guidance is arranged.

[0021] The number and setting of the roll pairs 4, 4′ in the region of the liquid core 7 in the cast strand 5 enable a flexible matching of the casting process to the casting speed or a variation therein.

[0022] Because of the thickness reduction of the strand with the liquid core, the size dimensions are continuously so adjusted in dependence upon the casting parameters like casting speed, steel quality and casting temperature that the sump tip [melt-cavity tip] 9 largely independently from the aforedescribed casting parameters lies in a segment of the SR stretch which contributes to the improvement in the internal quality of the casting strand. With increasing casting speed or reduced spray cooling, for example, the format thickness is so reduced that the position of the sump tip 9 is held practically constant in the SR stretch. Thus over a large casting speed range with low machine casts and technology expense, a uniformly good internal quality of the cast product is ensured. 

1. A method of continuously casting blooms, slabs or thin slabs in a continuous casting plant wherein, below a mold (1) there are provided mutually spaced adjustable strand guide segments (2.1-2.n) with, for example, roll pairs (4,4′) actuatable by path-controllable hydraulic cylinders, whereby the cast strand (5) has its thickness reduced as the strand shell (8) is formed by tapered [conical] adjustment of at least one of its strand guide segments (2.1-2.n) in a soft reduction stretch (SR stretch) extending up to the sump tip [melt-cavity tip] and in the region of its liquid core (7) between the mold (1) and the soft reduction stretch by at least one roll pair (4, 4′) is subjected to a format thickness reduction, characterized in that through the number of the roll pairs (4, 4′) and their more or less narrow mutual settings in the region of the liquid core (7) of the cast strand (5) there is a flexible matching of the casting process to the casting speed, and thereby the format thickness reduction of the cast strand (5) with the liquid core (7) is so set that independently of steel quality, intensity of the spray cooling and the casting speed, the position of the sump tip [melt-cavity tip] (9) in the SR stretch is held approximately constant.
 2. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that the arrangement and/or settings of the roll pairs (4, 4′) for the format thickness reduction in the region of the liquid core (7) of the cast strand (5) is determined based upon the casting cross section or format cross section of the cast strand.
 3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterized that in the format thickness reduction is effected directly ahead of the SR stretch.
 4. A method according to one or more of the claims 1-3 characterized in that the rolls (4) for the format thickness reduction of the cast strand (5) in the SR stretch are set with position control.
 5. A method according to one or more of the claims 1-4 characterized in that the rolls (4) for format thickness reduction of the cast strand (5) in the region of the liquid core (7) are set with position control. 